Rasuwa-Bhotekoshi Flood: Two-Month Update  

26 August to 25 October 2026 (from 10 Bhadra 2083 to 8 Kartik 2083) 

Two months after the flood of 26 August (10 Bhadra), NDRRMA figures dated 25 September stood at 1,453 deaths and 5,285 people missing, with 1,113 people still living in 21 holding centres, 805 of them in Rasuwa. Estimated figures from October put the toll at more than 1,400 deaths and more than 5,200 people missing (NDRRMA, as reported on 15 October), while Nepal Police recorded 1,457 deaths and 4,720 people missing as of 10 October. These figures remain provisional while the government verifies missing-person records, a process that began on 9 October. The government’s Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment (RDNA), finalised on 10 September, puts the total effects of the disaster at NPR 40,828.91 crore (USD 2,695.33 million) and the cost of recovery and reconstruction at USD 4,774.99 million. RRN sent assessment teams to Rasuwa, Nuwakot and Dhading within four days of the flood. It has since run several field missions, established a warehouse in Rasuwa and delivered relief, health supplies and psychosocial support in Rasuwa and Nuwakot. This update sets out the scale of loss and damage, summarises what RRN’s teams observed over the two months, and gives a timeline of RRN’s activities. It draws on the field updates and situation summaries RRN has published on https://rrn.org.np/resources/news-coverage/, on RRN’s LinkedIn page, and on two NDRRMA documents: the RDNA and Situation Report 01 on the 25 to 28 September heavy rainfall. 

1. Scale of Loss and Damage 

The human toll 

By 6:00 p.m. on 10 September, official records showed 1,377 recovered bodies and records of human remains, 5,130 people missing and 13,676 people rescued. By 25 September, NDRRMA figures had risen to 1,453 deaths and 5,285 missing. These categories remain subject to verification, and the RDNA notes that the missing-person total was revised after 104 identified bodies were removed from it. On 10 September, 3,685 people were staying in 37 holding centres across Rasuwa, Nuwakot and Dhading: 2,615 in Nuwakot, 775 in Rasuwa and 295 in Dhading. The RDNA stresses that this counts only recorded holding centres and is not a full count of displaced people. Hospitals recorded 337 people treated, 261 of them discharged, and the Nepal Army and the Armed Police Force gave medical treatment to 3,559 and 3,759 people respectively. 

Homes and households 

The RDNA estimates 7,570 affected private buildings, 8,317 households and 32,963 people across selected wards in 15 local levels. Nuwakot carries more than half of the building impact. Three local levels, Bidur (3,026 buildings), Gosaikunda (1,043) and Benighat Rorang in Dhading (1,037), account for 67.5% of the assessed buildings. The worst-hit wards are Kispang Ward 5 (696 buildings), Gosaikunda Ward 2 (571) and Benighat Rorang Ward 3 (553). Damage to private buildings and household assets is valued at NPR 6,388.48 crore (USD 421.74 million). Bidur alone accounts for NPR 2,877.63 crore, followed by Gosaikunda at NPR 1,030.70 crore and Benighat Rorang at NPR 757.33 crore. 

Table 1. Estimated affected buildings, households and population by district (RDNA) 

District	Affected buildings	Households	Associated population
Rasuwa	1,779	1,923	7,633
Nuwakot	3,977	4,418	17,082
Dhading	1,451	1,588	6,638
Gorkha	263	274	1,096
Chitwan	100	114	514
Total	7,570	8,317	32,963

The RDNA describes these as estimates tied to its stated methods, not verified counts of destroyed buildings or displaced people. The population figure covers people associated with the assessed buildings and is not a count of everyone affected. 

Infrastructure and essential services 

Roads and bridges took heavy damage, which fits RRN’s field finding that access was the main constraint. The RDNA records 69 km of damaged road along the Galchhi–Trishuli–Rasuwagadhi corridor, 55 km of it (the earthen Betrawati–Rasuwagadhi section) completely damaged, with road damage valued at NPR 2,207.25 crore. It records 37 motorable bridges, 33 of them washed out (2,792 m in total, 13 in Rasuwa and 14 in Nuwakot), and 68 trail-bridge spans, with bridge damage of NPR 1,135.11 crore. 

Energy infrastructure took the largest single hit. Thirteen hydropower projects with a combined capacity of 759.025 MW were affected, seven of them operating (250.4 MW) and six under construction (508.625 MW), along with five solar plants (24.36 MW). Energy damage is NPR 13,469.76 crore (USD 889.21 million), which is 49.07% of all assessed damage. The WASH inventory records 98 intakes, 160 reservoir tanks and 443.9 km of pipeline damaged, at NPR 138.11 crore. Telecommunications damage is NPR 62.87 crore, and 17 branches of 12 banks in Nuwakot and Rasuwa were affected. 

Schools, health facilities and public buildings were also hit. Eighteen schools were damaged, seven partially and 11 completely, with 56 buildings and 308 rooms affected, 156 of them completely damaged. Bidur alone has 150 damaged rooms, 89 of them completely damaged. The RDNA could not establish how many learners are out of school or for how long. Seven health facilities were damaged: four health posts completely, and one public hospital and two primary health care centres partially. In addition, 48 public buildings and facilities were damaged, 35 of them completely, with customs buildings the costliest, and 43 of 47 recorded cultural heritage assets were completely damaged. 

Livelihoods 

About 4,800 business establishments are estimated to be affected. The RDNA values their physical damage at NPR 3,030.43 crore and reported annual economic losses at NPR 11,589.30 crore, which is 86.61% of all assessed economic losses. Crops on 1,806 ha were affected (1,669 ha of paddy and 137 ha of vegetables), and the Trishuli Fisheries Research Centre in Nuwakot suffered NPR 71.59 crore of damage. The RDNA models 252,445 animals and birds as affected, valued at NPR 144.81 crore. These are modelled quantities and not verified animal deaths. 

Total effects and recovery needs 

Total disaster effects are estimated at USD 2,695.33 million (NPR 40,828.91 crore), made up of USD 1,812.01 million in physical damage and USD 883.32 million in economic losses. That equals about 6.69% of Nepal’s preliminary nominal GDP for FY 2024/25. Recovery and reconstruction needs are higher, at USD 4,774.99 million (NPR 72,331.52 crore), or about 11.84% of that GDP, because they include reconstruction, risk reduction and resilience measures that go beyond replacing damaged assets. Of this, USD 57.66 million (1.21%) is for early recovery in the first six months, and the remaining USD 4,717.32 million falls beyond six months. 

Table 2. Total effects and recovery needs by sector (RDNA) 

Sector	Damage (NPR crore)	Losses (NPR crore)	Total effects (USD million)	Recovery needs (USD million)
Social (housing, public buildings, education, health, heritage)	6,785.10	2.00	448.05	683.59
Productive (agriculture, fisheries, livestock, banking, businesses)	3,428.53	11,608.89	992.70	335.19
Infrastructure (energy, roads, bridges, telecom, WASH, irrigation)	17,234.69	1,769.69	1,254.58	3,126.30
Cross-cutting (debris, risk reduction, inclusive recovery)	–	–	–	629.91
Total	27,448.32	13,380.58	2,695.33	4,774.99

Converted at NPR 151.48 per USD (NRB rate, 9 September 2026). The RDNA consolidates information received up to 3 September, with updates to 10 September. Access to some upstream areas was restricted, and the RDNA says several estimates need further review. Recovery needs are estimates and not approved budgets or financing commitments. 

2. Field Observations 

Access shaped the response from the start 

When RRN’s assessment team travelled toward Dhunche on 30–31 August, road access from Nuwakot into Rasuwa was largely cut. The alternative route through Betrawati and Pung Khola recommended by the government was in poor condition after constant rain. Only SUVs could use it, and it needed urgent repair before it could carry relief traffic. Around 20 helicopters were committed to search and rescue, which left little air capacity for relief. The first Rasuwa mission (4–8 September) reached Betrawati on a four-wheel-drive route through Chhap, Suryagadhi and Naukunda. The team concluded that road access was the main constraint on the whole response in Rasuwa, and warned that food shortages could begin to affect the district within one to two months if it was not restored. 

Relief gathered where access was easiest 

The rapid assessment found government agencies, donors, humanitarian organisations and media concentrated in accessible areas, with little information coming from northern Rasuwa. The first mission saw the same pattern on the ground. Dhunche had received relief in significant quantity, while nearby settlements reachable by road had been overlooked. These included Brabal, Thulo Syabru and Sano Syabru, 30 households displaced from Haku and sheltering in Dhunche (six of them Dalit families), and Sano and Thulo Bharku, which had been without electricity and communications for several days. Supplies were arriving in the district but were not reaching these villages, and RRN built its later Rasuwa distributions around them. By 21 September it had reached 338 households across four settlements in Gosaikunda Ward 5. In Uttargaya, municipal leaders confirmed on 9 September that Wards 1, 2 and 3 had still received no relief. RRN’s convoys reached all three wards between 12 and 15 September. Gatlang, with 400 households, was cut off in early September and urgently needed salt and food. RRN reached Gatlang on 7 October, when it handed over medicines, medical supplies and equipment worth over NPR 400,000 to Gatlang Health Post in Aamachhodingmo Rural Municipality Ward 3, with support from German Doctors e.V. Getting there meant crossing the Bhotekoshi River on a tuin, a manual rope crossing, and carrying the supplies the rest of the way over difficult terrain. Gatlang had received only nominal relief since the flood, and this was the first direct medical aid to reach the community. On 9 October RRN and WHH distributed relief to 61 households in Syabrubesi, Gosaikunda Ward 5, one of the areas hit hardest by the flash flood. 

Municipal figures from the worst-hit areas 

In Uttargaya, 1,670 of 2,188 households were affected, with 1,100 houses completely destroyed and 570 partially damaged. In Gosaikunda, five of six wards were severely affected and Wards 2 and 5 were completely damaged, along with the rural municipality office, two ward offices, two RCC bridges and two schools. In Nuwakot, 10 of Bidur Municipality’s 13 wards were significantly affected, around 1,600 people were displaced across some ten holding centres, and about 1,300 households needed transitional shelter. In Dhading’s Galchhi Rural Municipality, around 200 families were displaced and the 15-bed Baireni Hospital lost its X-ray machine, laboratory equipment and generator. These municipal figures were reported to RRN in the field. They use different methods and dates from the RDNA counts in Section 1 and should not be read as a single tally. 

Children 

The impact on children was among the most serious concerns raised with RRN. On 9 September, Uttargaya’s local officials told the second mission that, according to municipal records, 87 children had lost both parents. Many more had lost homes and land, and children who travelled into the municipality for school had been cut off by the loss of bridges. Around 40 children were staying at a school and about 150 at the Nuwakot holding centre. The municipality’s priority was to prepare at least three schools so that classes could resume gradually, once psychosocial support and a safe environment were in place. It asked for support with temporary holding centres and with an orphan care centre offering accommodation, care and continued schooling. In Nuwakot, RRN’s psychosocial first aid (PFA) sessions have since reached students, teachers, adolescents and children in Bidur-7 and at the Tupche Phant holding centre. On 28 September RRN distributed 45 sets of food items and 15 hygiene kits at Setibhume Secondary School in Ramche, Kalika-1, where the students staying include 11 students with disabilities and 19 whose family members went missing in the flood. The RDNA records 18 damaged schools and 308 damaged rooms, and sets aside NPR 10.5 crore of early-recovery funding for temporary learning centres, learning materials and psychosocial counselling for students. 

Health, protection and the needs of women 

Health services were severely stretched. Many local health posts were not functioning, and Dhunche Hospital was handling the district’s trauma care, surgery and outpatient load with a single surgeon and limited staff, equipment and medicine. The rapid assessment called for dedicated protection and psychosocial support, particularly for orphaned or unaccompanied children and for families who had lost several relatives, and noted that overcrowded holding centres lacked adequate sanitation and privacy. RRN’s first Nuwakot distribution on 4 September included maternity sets for mothers and newborns, and later PFA sessions reached 55 women in Tupche and Sole. On 28 September, with Shapla Neer Japan, RRN ran an orientation on protection from sexual exploitation, abuse and harassment (PSEAH) for 19 volunteers in Bidur Municipality, drawn from the NGO Federation, Nepal Red Cross Society, youth clubs, female community health volunteers, local health personnel and the flood-affected communities. The volunteers will now lead awareness activities in their own communities. 

RRN also handed over medicines, supplies and equipment funded by German Doctors e.V. to three health facilities: Rasuwa Hospital in Dhunche on 3 October, Thulo Syabru Health Post, and Gatlang Health Post on 7 October. The Rasuwa Hospital handover included a dual phototherapy unit, a skin surgical stapler, electric room heaters, water boilers, sterilisers and power banks, together with lifesaving and essential medicines. The RDNA records seven damaged health facilities, including four health posts that were completely damaged. The handovers are part of the Bhotekoshi Flood Relief Package, worth over EUR 15,000, which also covers nutrition and dignity packets for 350 flood-affected households. 

Food and household supplies 

On 6 October RRN distributed nutrition packets to 175 households in Gosaikunda Ward 5, 147 in Thulo Syabru and 28 in Brabal, with support from German Doctors e.V. Each packet held super flour (lito), corn flakes, 2 kg of salt, 2 kg of beaten rice and 3 litres of cooking oil, and the lito gives families a nutritious porridge for infants. Earlier distributions covered kitchen sets and hygiene kits. On 28 September RRN also gave solar sets to 114 families in Siruchet, Uttargaya-1, so households have a reliable source of light while power in the area is still recovering. The Syabrubesi distribution on 9 October included a kitchen set with a pressure cooker, a frying pan, a kitchen knife and five each of plates, spoons, tumblers and bowls, and a hygiene kit that supports menstrual hygiene management while WASH services remain disrupted. 

Winter and shelter 

At the end of August, winterisation was not yet part of the emergency response, and RRN recommended bringing it into ongoing distributions straight away. Dhunche, a hilltop settlement at altitude, was already noticeably cold in early September. RRN’s convoy of 11 September carried the first winterisation materials in the Rasuwa response, and a second consignment reached 360 families at Thulo Gaun on 15 September. Shelter kits followed: 360 households in Danda Gaun, Uttargaya-2, on 30 September and 1 October, 166 households in Ramche, Kalika-1, on 1 October, and 61 households in Syabrubesi on 9 October. The kits for Uttargaya and Kalika each held two tarpaulins (15 x 18 ft) and 30 metres of nylon rope. Shelter remains a pressing need. Holding-centre occupancy in Rasuwa rose from 775 on 10 September to 804 on 23 September and 805 on 25 September, while Nuwakot’s centres have been emptying. On 24 September, RRN and Shapla Neer Japan provided beds, mattresses and pillows to 200 families in Bidur-1, where 92 people are reported missing. 

Looking ahead 

The heavy rain forecast for 24–27 September (08–11 Asoj) arrived as the wider rainfall event described in Section 1, and RRN went ahead with field activities on 24 September. RRN’s teams then carried out early recovery needs assessments in Rasuwa (12–15 October) and Nuwakot (12–13 October) with local governments, affected communities and local stakeholders. The government’s command posts have begun planning an exit from the emergency phase, temporary housing, and closer work with development partners on recovery and reconstruction. The RDNA places 1.21% of recovery needs in the first six months and the rest beyond, so most of the work of rebuilding homes, roads, bridges and services is still ahead. RRN will keep coordinating with the municipalities on the requests they have raised, including support for an orphan care centre and for reopening schools. 

RRN’s flood response is supported by Welthungerhilfe (WHH) with Aasaman Nepal in Rasuwa, by German Doctors e.V. in Rasuwa, and by JDC, the ActionAid Association Fund and Shapla Neer Japan in Nuwakot. 

3. Timeline of RRN Activities 

Events are listed in the order they took place. Shaded rows mark Nuwakot and Dhading activities (green) and advocacy events (amber).  

#	Date (AD / BS 2083)	District	Activity
1	26 Aug / 10 Bhadra	All	Flood strikes the Bhotekoshi–Trishuli corridor.
2	30 Aug / 14 Bhadra	Dhading	Rapid assessment in Galchhi Rural Municipality (Madina Paudel, Kishor Sharma).
3	30–31 Aug / 14–15 Bhadra	Rasuwa, Nuwakot	Rapid assessment in Bidur and toward Dhunche via the Betrawati–Pung Khola road (Dr. Netra Prasad Timsina, Er. Nirajan Pokharel, Dr. Suresh Tamang, Bharat Sharma, Hitesh Jimee).
4	4 Sep / 19 Bhadra	All	Rapid Field Assessment Report published, identifying seven response gaps.
5	4 Sep / 19 Bhadra	Advocacy	RRN collaborates with APMDD on the webinar “Nepal Flash Floods: Call for Solidarity and Reparations”; Dr. Timsina speaks on non-debt-creating climate finance.
6	4 Sep / 19 Bhadra	Nuwakot	Relief for women, men and children, including maternity sets for mothers and newborns, at Sundari Kyaurini Secondary School holding centre, Bidur-10 (ActionAid Association Fund).
7	4 Sep / 19 Bhadra	Rasuwa	First field mission departs (Dr. Suresh Tamang, Madina Paudel, Lil Karki, Suraj Thakuri, Mohan Dhakal) on a 4WD route via Chhap and Suryagadhi to Parchyang.
8	5 Sep / 20 Bhadra	Rasuwa	300 WHH-supported food packages handed to the Uttargaya LDMC at Nilkantha Secondary School, Betrawati; meeting with LDMC Chair Madhav Aryal and CAO Jayaram Upreti.
9	5 Sep / 20 Bhadra	Kathmandu	Coordination meeting with JDC on the Nuwakot distribution.
10	6 Sep / 21 Bhadra	Nuwakot	RRN and JDC distribute 54 hygiene kits and NFRIs at Battar Kabab Hall, Bidur-2 (led by Tikaswari Rai and Shaurabha Subedi); 96 more hygiene kits handed to the Bidur-1 Ward Office for families in need.
11	5–8 Sep / 20–23 Bhadra	Rasuwa	In Dhunche: meetings with Gosaikunda Chair Kaisang Nurpu Tamang and CAO Suresh Bhattarai; underserved road-accessible settlements identified; RRN joins PIN and CSRC on LDMC cluster committees and the Dhunche DDMC.
12	8 Sep / 23 Bhadra	Rasuwa	First mission returns to Kathmandu.
13	9 Sep / 24 Bhadra	Rasuwa	Mission summary published. Second mission departs (Er. Nirajan Pokharel, Reshma Shakya, Bharat Sharma, Kishor Sharma, Subash Ghimire); Uttargaya leadership confirms Wards 1–3 unreached.
14	9 Sep / 24 Bhadra	Advocacy	RRN joins the ActionAid Association India webinar “Himalayan Floods August 2026: Solidarity, Recovery and Resilience”; Dr. Timsina speaks on our field mission.
15	10 Sep / 25 Bhadra	Rasuwa	Assessment in Kalika Rural Municipality; meeting with Chair Hari Krishna Devkota at Ramche.
16	11 Sep / 26 Bhadra	Rasuwa	Food to 166 households at Ramche, Kalika-1 (Ward Chair Dawa Lama present).
17	11 Sep / 26 Bhadra	Rasuwa	Six-truck convoy of food, NFIs and the first winterisation materials leaves Kathmandu for Uttargaya Wards 1–3 (Duryodhan Adhikari, Raj Chauhan).
18	12 Sep / 27 Bhadra	Rasuwa	Food to 70 households in Bhimale and Sole, Gosaikunda-6, with Ward Chair Dawa Sirdar Waiba.
19	12 Sep / 27 Bhadra	Rasuwa	Convoy’s first drop at Danda Gaun, Uttargaya-2.
20	13 Sep / 28 Bhadra	Rasuwa	Food and NFIs to 345 families in Uttargaya Wards 1 and 2.
21	14 Sep / 29 Bhadra	Rasuwa	Second winterisation consignment loaded in Kathmandu.
22	15 Sep / 30 Bhadra	Rasuwa	Winterisation materials to 360 families at Thulo Gaun, Uttargaya-3, completing coverage of the three cut-off wards. Dhunche warehouse stocked with food and hygiene kits for 200 households.
23	16 Sep / 31 Bhadra	Rasuwa	Team led by Er. Nirajan Pokharel deploys to Rasuwa.
24	17 Sep / 1 Asoj	Rasuwa	Hygiene kits and food to 94 households in Thulo Bharku and 73 in Sano Bharku, Gosaikunda-5.
25	17 Sep / 1 Asoj	Rasuwa	Distribution to 40 households at Danda Gaun, Uttargaya-2 (Ward Chair Aasakaji Gurung present).
26	18 Sep / 2 Asoj	Nuwakot	PFA for 150 students and 15 teachers at Chandeshwori Secondary School, Bidur-7, Tupche.
27	18 Sep / 2 Asoj	Nuwakot	PFA at Tupche Phant holding centre for 13 adolescents and 23 children.
28	18–19 Sep / 2–3 Asoj	Nuwakot	150 kitchen sets distributed in Bidur-7: 100 in Tupche, 50 in Sole.
29	19 Sep / 3 Asoj	Nuwakot	PFA sessions for 55 women in Tupche and Sole.
30	19 Sep / 3 Asoj	Rasuwa	Dhunche warehouse restocked with kitchen sets for 350 households and hygiene kits for 150; distribution at Thulo Gaun, Uttargaya-3. NDRRMA’s 5W table lists RRN and WHH in Uttargaya.
31	21 Sep / 5 Asoj	Rasuwa	Kitchen sets to 171 households in Gosaikunda-5: 143 in Thulo Syabru, 28 in Brabal.
32	24 Sep / 8 Asoj	Nuwakot	With Shapla Neer Japan, 200 families in Bidur-1 each receive a wooden bed, mattress and pillow; Bidur Mayor Rajan Shrestha and Ward Chair Lelin Ranjit present.
33	24 Sep / 8 Asoj	Rasuwa	Relief items unloaded at Danda Gaun, Uttargaya-2, on the first day of heavy rains forecast for 24-27 September.
34	28 Sep / 12 Asoj	Rasuwa	45 sets of food items and 15 hygiene kits distributed at Setibhume Secondary School, Ramche, Kalika-1. The students staying there include 11 with disabilities and 19 whose family members went missing.
35	28 Sep / 12 Asoj	Rasuwa	Solar sets distributed to 114 flood-affected families in Siruchet, Uttargaya-1.
36	28 Sep / 12 Asoj	Nuwakot	With Shapla Neer Japan, orientation on Protection from Sexual Exploitation, Abuse and Harassment (PSEAH) for 19 volunteers from the NGO Federation, Nepal Red Cross Society, youth clubs, female community health volunteers, local health personnel and affected communities in Bidur Municipality.
37	30 Sep–1 Oct / 14–15 Asoj	Rasuwa	With WHH, shelter and hygiene kits distributed to 360 households in Danda Gaun, Uttargaya-2; the ward secretary and ward office staff were present.
38	1 Oct / 15 Asoj	Rasuwa	Shelter kits distributed to 166 households in Ramche, Kalika-1.
39	3 Oct / 17 Asoj	Rasuwa	Medical equipment and essential medicines from German Doctors e.V. handed over to Rasuwa Hospital, Dhunche, by Dr. Suresh Tamang and received by Medical Superintendent Dr. Amit Prajapati; RRN Board Member Gauri Thakuri was present.
40	6 Oct / 20 Asoj	Rasuwa	Nutrition packets from German Doctors e.V. distributed to 175 households in Gosaikunda-5 (147 in Thulo Syabru, 28 in Brabal). Under the same project, medicines, basic equipment and supplies were handed over to Thulo Syabru Health Post (Health Post In-charge Rajendra Aryal and Community Medical Assistant Bhim Tamang).
41	7 Oct / 21 Asoj	Rasuwa	Essential medicines, supplies and equipment worth over NPR 400,000, supported by German Doctors e.V., handed over to Gatlang Health Post, Aamachhodingmo-3, after a tuin (manual ropeway) crossing of the Bhotekoshi River. Vice Chair Chandika Tamang, Ward Chair Surendra Tamang and Health Post In-Charge Silash Baatha Magar received them.
42	9 Oct / 23 Asoj	Rasuwa	With WHH, shelter kits, hygiene kits and kitchen sets distributed to 61 households in Syabrubesi, Gosaikunda-5, with a short programme on hygiene practices attended by local representatives.
43	12–15 Oct / 26–29 Asoj	Rasuwa	Early recovery needs assessment in Rasuwa, with meetings with local governments, affected communities and local stakeholders.
44	12–13 Oct / 26–27 Asoj	Nuwakot	Early recovery needs assessment in Nuwakot, with meetings with local governments, affected communities and local stakeholders.
45	Sep–Oct / Bhadra–Kartik (ongoing)	Rasuwa	RRN’s Rasuwa district team has attended the cluster meetings of Uttargaya and Gosaikunda Rural Municipalities throughout the response.

4. The Next Phase 

The next phase of RRN’s response moves from relief to early recovery. The main needs include transitional shelter, the rehabilitation of water supply and WASH systems, and the repair of schools and health facilities. Early recovery assessment and activities are already under way in Rasuwa, starting with the supply of pipes for water systems and transitional shelter materials, and moving later to larger, permanent structures. RRN’s active team and warehouse in Dhunche give it a strong base from which to stage a long-term recovery plan in the district.